And the IEA, for its part, expects China to continue to be the sole meaningful over-achiever. It recently revised upwards by 728 GW its forecast for total global renewables capacity additions in the period 2023–27. China’s share of this upward revision? Almost 90 percent. While China surges ahead, the rest of the world remains stuck.
Just like how capitalism is a spectrum (in that, y’know, the US does not have purely free market capitalism but is still widely considered a capitalist state), socialism is also a spectrum. Marx and Engel’s writings do touch on this, but it was expanded on by the works of Lenin and Deng Xiaoping (among others). If you’re actually willing to learn, I’d recommend asking on hexbear.net because they’re much more familiar with the literature than me.